![]() ![]() For a fuller account, consult Fred Botting, Gothic (1996). See also fantastic, horror story, preromanticism. ![]() A popular modern variety of women's romance dealing with endangered heroines in the manner of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre (1847) and Daphne du Maurier's Rebecca (1938) is also referred to as Gothic. In an extended sense, many novels that do not have a medievalized setting, but which share a comparably sinister, grotesque, or claustrophobic atmosphere, have been classed as Gothic: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818) is a well-known example and there are several important American tales and novels with strong Gothic elements in this sense, from Poe to Faulkner and beyond. The fashion for such works, ridiculed by Jane Austen in Northanger Abbey (1818), gave way to a vogue for historical novels, but it contributed to the new emotional climate of Romanticism. Lewis in The Monk (1796), made free use of ghosts and demons along with scenes of cruelty and horror. Greg Buzwell considers the way the novel reflects the fears that haunted late 19th-century society fears of immigration, sexual promiscuity and moral degeneration. ![]() She was careful to explain away the apparently supernatural occurrences in her stories, but other writers, like M. The vampire is a complicated creature: caught between life and death, at once alluring and horrifying. Following the appearance of Horace Walpole's The Castle of Otranto (1764), the Gothic novel flourished in Britain from the 1790s to the 1820s, dominated by Ann Radcliffe, whose Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) had many imitators. A story of terror and suspense, usually set in a gloomy old castle or monastery (hence ‘Gothic’, a term applied to medieval architecture and thus associated in the 18th century with superstition). ![]()
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